Dual drive plate damper for hybrid electric vehicles

ABSTRACT

An assembly includes an engine output concentric with an axis, an input, a starting gear, a first drive plate secured to the engine output, including a rim supporting the starting gear, and arms extending radially outward from the axis, and a second drive plate rotatably secured to the input, and secured to the first drive plate at a location spaced radially outward from the axis.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

This invention relates to a powertrain of hybrid electric vehicles, particularly to a powertrain module that can be installed between and secured to an engine output and a transmission input.

2. Description of the Prior Art

Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) have both an internal combustion engine and an electric machine, which are alternately, or in combination, used to propel the vehicle. A variety of different powertrains are used in hybrid vehicles such as a parallel configuration, in which the engine is connected to the motor by a disconnect clutch with the motor driving a torque converter input of an automatic power transmission. The transmission has an output which is connected to a differential coupled to the two driven wheels of the vehicle.

A need exists in the industry for a hybrid electric powertrain that includes a modular subassembly for use with a variety of engines and transmissions, such that the module can be installed between and secured to an output of one of a number of engines and to an input of one of a number of transmissions. The assembled powertrain may then be employed in a variety of vehicles. The module should include a hydraulically actuated disconnect clutch, the electric machine and suitable power paths between the engine and electric machine to the transmission input. Preferably, the module provides for hydraulic communication from the transmission's hydraulic system to the clutch, a balance dam and the electric machine. The module must provide an oil sump containing hydraulic fluid delivered to the module, and a path for continually returning that fluid to the transmission's oil sump so that the transmission pump is continually supplied reliably with fluid.

The module should require low manufacturing and assembly costs, no vehicle body modification, and reliable performance.

This module is sometimes call a front module (FM), since it is part of the MHT and is bolted in front of the transmission. Since this module is purely a length addition to the base powertrain, it is desired to make the module as short as possible. The connection between the engine and the FM usually has a damper to protect the FM input shaft spline from engine torsional vibrations. The damper adds length and cost of the powertrain.

The damper has a natural frequency that is passed through every time the engine starts and stops. The damper also increases powertrain inertia protentially reducing fuel economy and performance.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An assembly includes an engine output concentric with an axis, an input, a starting gear, a first drive plate secured to the engine output, including a rim supporting the starting gear, and arms extending radially outward from the axis, and a second drive plate rotatably secured to the input, and secured to the first drive plate at a location spaced radially outward from the axis.

The assembly requires a short axial length, is easy to install on engine crank shaft, and has low production and installation costs.

The mechanical properties, such as flexural and torsional stiffness of the arms and cutouts of the drive plates can be designed to provide compliance and reduce cyclic torque (due to engine cylinder firing events) and load in both torsional directions on downstream components.

The scope of applicability of the preferred embodiment will become apparent from the following detailed description, claims and drawings. It should be understood, that the description and specific examples, although indicating preferred embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration only. Various changes and modifications to the described embodiments and examples will become apparent to those skilled in the art.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention will be more readily understood by reference to the following description, taken with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIGS. 1A and 1B comprise a side cross-sectional view of a powertrain module showing a front connection to an engine output and a rear connection to a transmission torque converter input;

FIG. 2 is a side cross-sectional view of a powertrain of FIGS. 1A and 1B showing a dual drive plate damper connected to the engine output and input shaft;

FIG. 3 is a front view of the flex plate that is connected to the engine output;

FIG. 4 is a front view of the flex plate that is connected to the input shaft; and

FIG. 5 is a cross section taken at planes 5-5 in FIGS. 3 and 4.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

FIGS. 1A and 1B illustrate a module 10 of a powertrain for a hybrid electric vehicle that includes an engine having a rotary output 12; a torsional damper 14, secured to the engine output 12; an input shaft 16, secured by a spline 18 to an output 20 of damper 14; a disconnect clutch 22, supported on a clutch hub 24 that is secured by a spline 26 to input shaft 16; an electric machine 28, which includes a stator 30 bolted to a front bulkhead 32 and a rotor 34 supported by a first leg 36 and a second leg 38 for rotation about an axis 39; a rotor hub 40, secured preferably by a weld to leg 38; and a flexplate 42, secured at one end by a spline connection 44 to rotor hub 40 and secured at the opposite end by bolts 46 to a torque converter casing 48, which encloses a hydrokinetic torque converter 49. The electric machine 28 may be an electric motor or an electric motor-generator.

Torque converters suitable for use in the powertrain are disclosed in and described with reference to FIGS. 4a, 4b, 5, 12 and 15 of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/325,101, filed Dec. 14, 2011, the entire disclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference.

The torque converter 49 includes a bladed impeller wheel located within and secured to casing 48; a bladed turbine, driven hydrokinetically by the impeller and secured by a spline 50 to the input shaft 52 of an automatic transmission 54; and a bladed stator wheel, located between the turbine and stator and secured to a stator shaft 56, which is held against rotation on a transmission housing 58.

A rear bulkhead 60, secured by bolts 62 to the transmission housing 58, is fitted at its radial inner surface with a hydraulic seal 64, which contacts the radial outer surface of rotor hub 40.

A flywheel 66, secured by bolts 68 to the engine's rotary output 12, carries an engine starting gear 70, which is secured by a disc 72, welded to the starting gear and flywheel.

A bearing 74 supports the first leg 36 for rotation on the front bulkhead 32. A bearing 76 supports the second leg 38 for rotation on the rotor hub 40. A tube 78, aligned with axis 39 and supporting the rotor 34 for rotation about the axis, is secured to the first leg 36 and second leg 38. Lips 80, 82 at the front and rear ends, respectively, of tube 78 may be rolled radially outward to secure the rotor 34 to tube 78 and to prevent axial displacement of the rotor 34 relative to the tube. The inner surface of tube 78 is formed with an axial spline 81, which is engaged by the legs 36, 38 and alternate plates 83 of the disconnect clutch 22. The friction plates 84 of clutch 22 are secured by an axial spline formed on the radial outer surface of clutch hub 24.

A hydraulic servo for actuating clutch 22 includes a piston 86, balance dam 88, return spring 90 and hydraulic lines for transmitting actuating pressure to the pressure control volume 92 at the right hand side of piston 86 and to the pressure balance volume 94 at the left hand side of the piston. Piston 86 moves leftward in a cylinder formed by the rear leg 38 when actuating pressure and hydraulic fluid is supplied to volume 92, by the use of seals 151 and 152, thereby causing clutch 22 to engage and driveably connect rotor 34 and the engine output 12 through damper 14, input shaft 16, clutch hub 24 and clutch 22.

Because the piston 86, balance dam 88 and return spring 90 are supported on the rotor hub 40, rotational inertia of the piston 86, balance dam 88 and return spring 90 is located on the output side, i.e., the rotor side of clutch 22.

Rotor 34 is continually driveably connected to the transmission input shaft 52 through the torque path that includes rear leg 38, rotor hub 40, flexplate 42, torque converter casing 48, the hydrodynamic drive connection between the torque converter impeller and turbine, which is connected by spline 50 to transmission input shaft 52.

A resolver 100, a highly accurate type of rotary electrical transformer used for measuring degrees of rotation, is secured by bolts 102 to the front bulkhead 32, is supported on the front bulkhead 32 and first leg, and is located axially between the front bulkhead 32 and rear bulkhead 60.

The teeth of spline 44, which produces a rotary drive connection between flexplate 42 and rotor hub 40, are fitted together such that no lash is produced when torque is transmitted between the flexplate and rotor hub. Flexplate 42 is formed with a thick walled portion 104 having a threaded hole 106 that terminate at a web 108. The external spline teeth on flexplate 42 are forced axially into engagement with the internal spline teeth on rotor hub 40 by bolts 110, which engage threaded holes in the right-hand end of rotor hub 40. The engaged spline teeth at the spline connection 44 are disengaged upon removing bolts 110 and threading a larger bolt into hole 106 such that the bolt contacts web, thereby forcing flexplate axial rightward.

Rotor hub 40 is formed with multiple axially-directed hydraulic passages 120 and laterally-directed passages 122, 124, 126, 128, 129, which carry hydraulic fluid and pressure to module 10 from the hydraulic system of the transmission 54. Passages 122, 124, 126, 128, 129 carry hydraulic fluid and pressure which includes to the control volume 92 of the servo of clutch 22 located at the right hand side of piston 86, to the pressure balance volume 94 between balance dam 88 and the piston, to a variable force solenoid (VFS) 130, and to the surfaces of rotor 34 and stator 30, which surfaces are cooled by the fluid. The rear bulkhead 60 is formed with passage 128, which communicates hydraulically with VFS 130.

The rear bulkhead 60 supports a sump 132, which contains fluid supplied to module 10 from the hydraulic system of the transmission 54. Transmission 54 includes a sump 136, which contains hydraulic fluid that is supplied by a transmission pump 134 to the transmission hydraulic system, from which fluid and control pressure is supplied to module 10, torque converter 49, transmission clutches and brakes, bearings, shafts, gears, etc.

A bearing 140, fitted in the front bulkhead 32, and a bearing 142, fitted in the rotor hub 40, support input shaft 16 in rotation about axis 39. The front bulkhead 32 also supports the stator 30 in its proper axial and radial positions relative to the rotor 34. Bearing 76, fitted between rear bulkhead 60 and rotor hub 40, and bearing 142 support rotor hub 40 in rotation about axis 39. The front and rear bulkheads 32, 60 together support rotor 34 in rotation about axis 39 due to bearing 74, fitted in bulkhead 32, and bearing 76, fitted in bulkhead 60.

Seal 64, fitted in the rear bulkhead 60, and seal 141, fitted in the front bulkhead 32, prevent passage of fluid from module 10 located between the bulkheads 32, 60. Another dynamic seal 144 prevents passage of contaminants between the engine crankshaft 146 and module 10.

The components of module 10 are installed and assembled in the module. The assembled module can then be installed between and connected to the engine output 12 and the torque converter casing 48.

In operation, when the engine output 12 is driven by an engine, torque is transmitted from the engine through rotor hub 40 and flexplate 42 to the torque converter casing 48, provided that clutch 22 is engaged. The rotor 34 electric machine 28 is continually driveably connected through tube 78, leg 38, rotor hub 40 and flexplate 42 to the torque converter casing 48. Therefore, the torque converter casing 48 can be driven by the engine alone, provided the electric machine 28 is off and clutch 22 is engaged; by the electric machine alone, provided the engine is off or the engine is operating and the clutch is disengaged; and by both the engine and electric machine concurrently.

FIG. 2 illustrates drive plates 200, 202 located forward of front bulkhead 32. FIGS. 2, 3 and 5 show that drive plate 200 includes a center portion 199 formed with radially inner holes 201, into each of which holes 201 one of the bolts 68 passes to secure drive plate 200 to the engine's rotary output 12. Drive plate 200 has a central pilot hole 203 for locating the drive plate on the engine output 12. Drive plate 200 also has radially outer holes 204, into each of which holes 204 one of the bolts 205 passes to secure drive plate 200 to drive plate 202. Drive plate 200 is formed with cutouts 206, each cutout angularly spaced around axis 39 and separated by a radial arm 210 that extending radially from the center portion 199 to an outer rim 212, which supports the starting gear 70. Each radial arm 210 is stiffened by a flange 208 that extends around the periphery of each cutout 206.

FIGS. 2, 4 and 5 show that second drive plate 202 includes a central portion 213 formed with radially inner holes 214, into each of which holes 214 one of the rivets 216 passes to secure drive plate 202 to a hub 218, which is driveably connected by an interference spline 220 to input shaft 16. Drive plate 202 has a central pilot hole 222 for locating the drive plate on the hub 218. Drive plate 202 also has radially outer holes 224, into each of which holes 224 one of the bolts 205 passes to secure drive plate 200 to drive plate 202. A nut 226 engaged with the thread of each bolt 205, completes the outer attachment. Drive plate 202 is formed with radial arms 230 angularly spaced about axis 39 and extending radially from the center portion 213. Drive plate 202 is stiffened by a flange 208 that extends around its periphery. Dimension R is a function of the magnitude of torque transmitted by the drive plates 200, 202 and the material endurance limit.

The two drive plates 200, 202 couple the engine output 12 to the front module 10, drive plate 200 attached to the engine crank shaft and drive plate 202 attached to the input shaft 16. The engine drive plate 200 has the starter ring gear 70 attached.

In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes, the preferred embodiment has been described. However, it should be noted that the alternate embodiments can be practiced otherwise than as specifically illustrated and described. 

The invention claimed is:
 1. An assembly, comprising: an engine output concentric with an axis; an input; a first drive plate secured to the engine output, including a rim and arms extending radially outward from the axis; a second drive plate rotatably secured to the input, secured to the first drive plate at a location spaced radially outward from the axis, including a second center portion and second arms extending radially outward from the axis.
 2. The assembly of claim 1, further comprising a starting gear, and wherein the first drive plate further comprises: a center portion; cutouts angularly spaced about the axis, each arm extending between successive cutouts from the center portion toward the rim, the starting gear being connected to the rim.
 3. The assembly of claim 2, further comprising a flange that extends around a periphery of each cutout.
 4. The assembly of claim 2, wherein the center portion is formed with a pilot hole fitted on the engine output.
 5. The assembly of claim 1, further comprising a second flange that extends around a periphery of each second arm.
 6. The assembly of claim 1, further comprising: a hub rotatably secured by a spline to the input; and wherein the second center portion is formed with a second pilot hole fitted on the hub.
 7. An assembly, comprising: an engine output concentric with an axis; an input; a starting gear; a first drive plate secured to the engine output, including a rim supporting the starting gear, arms extending radially outward from the axis, a center portion, cutouts angularly spaced about the axis, each arm extending between successive cutouts from the center portion toward the rim, and a flange that extends around a periphery of each cutout; a second drive plate rotatably secured to the input, and secured to the first drive plate at a location spaced radially outward from the axis.
 8. The assembly of claim 7, wherein the center portion is formed with a pilot hole fitted on the engine output.
 9. The assembly of claim 7, wherein the second drive plate further comprises: a second center portion; second arms extending radially outward from the axis.
 10. The assembly of claim 9, further comprising a second flange that extends around a periphery of each second arm.
 11. The assembly of claim 9, further comprising: a hub rotatably secured by a spline to the input; and wherein the second center portion is formed with a second pilot hole fitted on the hub. 